Peran Karotenoid Sebagai Pencegahan Degenerasi Makula
Abstract
Macular degeneration or often called Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease that attacks the center of vision in the retina, namely the macula. In an effort to prevent the progression of AMD, consuming antioxidants has been shown to inhibit the AMD development process. Although currently there is no definite number of AMD sufferers in Indonesia, it is estimated that the number of AMD sufferers will continue to increase. Carotenoids are one of the antioxidant compounds that have been shown to inhibit the development of macular degeneration. Carotenoids are divided into several classes, one of which is the xanthophyll class. Lutein and zeaxanthin compounds belong to the xanthophyll class. The content of lutein and zeaxanthin in body plasma has been shown to reduce the risk of macular diseases such as AMD. This study aims to determine the role of carotenoids as the prevention of macular degeneration. The method used is a literature review in the form of a narrative review. Search literature in the form of journals and textbooks through Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Research Gate, indexed by Scopus, ISSN, national journals and international journals. The journals used were published in the last 5 years and books published in the last 10 years. The results of the analysis show that carotenoid antioxidants are proven to be able to act as a prevention of AMD by reducing oxidative stress. Carotenoids will quench free radicals, thereby preventing the occurrence of lipid peroxidation, and preventing the formation of AMD. Carotenoids also prevent damage mediated by exposure to blue light. Consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin can also reduce the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in the retina so that it can inhibit the increase of VEGF. It can be concluded that carotenoid antioxidants can prevent the progression of macular degeneration.
Downloads
References
Mitchell P. Liew G. Gopinath B. Wong TY. Age-related macular degeneration. The Lancet. 2018; 392(10153): 1147-1159. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31550-2
Li J. Welchowski Q. Schmid T. Mauschitz M. Holz MFG. Finger RP. Prevalence and incidence of age-related macular degeneration in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2020; 104(8), 1077–1084. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314422
Article R. DMI Tratamento. 2020;3(6).
Blasi MA. Pagliara MM. Lanza A. Sammarco MG. Caputo CG. Grimaldi G. Scupola. Photodynamic therapy in ocular oncology. Biomedicines. 2018; 6(1): 2–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6010017
Aman IGM. Makanan sebagai sumber antioksidan. Bali Health Journal. 2017; 1(1): 49–55.
Eisenhauer B. Natoli S. Liew G. Flood VM. Lutein and zeaxanthin — Food sources, bioavailability and dietary variety in age‐related macular degeneration protection. Nutrients. 2017; 9(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9020120
Johra FT. Bepari AK. Bristy AT. Reza HM. A mechanistic review of β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin in eye health and disease. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(11): 1–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111046
Murali A. Krishnakumar S. Subramanian A. Parameswaran S. Bruch’s membrane pathology: A mechanistic perspective. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2020; 30(6) Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672120919337
Tan W. Zou J. Yoshida S. Jiang B. Zhou Y. The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020; 16(15): 2989–3001. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.49890
Boyer NP. Thompson DA. Koutalos Y. Relative contributions of all-trans and 11-cis retinal to formation of lipofuscin and a2e accumulating in mouse retinal pigment epithelium. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2021; 62(2): 4–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1167/IOVS.62.2.1
Knudsen JL. Kluge A. Bochenkova AV. Kiefer HV. Andersen LH. The UV-visible action-absorption spectrum of all-: Trans and 11- cis protonated Schiff base retinal in the gas phase., Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2018; 20(10): 7190–7194. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07512j
Kim JH.Chang YS. Kim JW. Natural course of patients discontinuing treatment for age-related macular degeneration and factors associated with visual prognosis. Retina, 2017; 37(12): 2254–2261. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001494
Estrada CG. Kosalkova K. Orejas ICS. Extraction and analysis of carotenes and xanthophylls produce by xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Methods Mol Biol. 2018; 1852: 283-295. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8742- 9_17
Maleta HS. Indrawati R. Limantara L. Brotosudarmo THP. Ragam Metode Ekstraksi Karotenoid dari Sumber Tumbuhan dalam Dekade Terakhir (Telaah Literatur). Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan. 2018; 13(1): 40–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v13i1.10008
Khoo HE. Ng HS. Yap WS. Goh HJH. Yim HS. Nutrients for prevention of macular degeneration and eye-related diseases. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(4): 1–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8040085
Goruspudi A. Nellson K. Bernstein PS. The age-related eye disease 2 study: micronutrients in the treatment of macular degeneration. American society for nutrition. 2017; 8(1): 40-53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.013177
Lem DW. Davey PG. Gierhart DL. Rosen R B. A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(8): 1255.
Tuzcu M. Orhan Cemal. Muz OE. Sahin N. Juturu V. Sahin K. Lutein dan zeaxanthin isomers modulates lipid metabolism and the inflammatory state of retina in obesity-induce hig-fat diet rodent model. BMC Opthalmology. 2017; 12: 129. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-017-0524-1
Akuffo KO. Beatty S. Peto T. Stack J. Stringham J. Kelly D. et al. The impact of supplemental antioxidants on visual function in nonadvanced aye-related macular degeneration. Invest opthalmol vis sci. 2017; 58(12): 5347-5360. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.16-21192
Davey P. Marwick CA. Scott CL. Charani E. McNeil K. Brown E. et al. Interventions to improve antibiotics prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. Cochrane darabase system review. 2017; (2): CD003543. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1002/14651858.CD003543.pub4
De Guimaraes T. Varela AD. Georgiou M. & Michaelides M. Treatments for dry age-related macular degeneration: Therapeutic avenues, clinical Ophthalmology. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318452
Agrón E. Mares J. Clemons TE., Swaroop, A., Chew, E. Y., & Keenan, T. D. L. (2021). Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2. Ophthalmology. 2021; 128(3): 425–442. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018
Sawa M. Shunto T. Nishiyama I. Yokoyama A. Shigeta R. Miura S. et al. Effects of lutein supplementation in Japanese patients with unilateral age-related mavular degeneration: the sakai lutein study. Scientific reports. 2020; 10: 5958. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-020-62483-0
Azar G. El Maftouhi MQ. Masella JJ. Faysse MM. Macular pigmen density variation supplement of lutein dan zeaxanthin using the Visucam 200 pigmen module: impact of age related macular degeneration and lems status. Journal Fr Ophtalmol. 2017; 40(4): 303-313. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018
Copyright (c) 2023 Aryani Vindhya Putri, Nabila Nurmalina, Alfa Sylvestris, Annisa Hanifwati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
